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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access published online on May 5, 2007
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsm055
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© 2007 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Relationships between fish larvae and siphonophores in the water column: effect of wind-induced turbulence and thermocline depth

L. Sanvicente-Añorve, M. A. Alatorre, C. Flores-Coto and C. Alba

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, PO Box 70-305, 04510 México, D. F. Mexico

Correspondence to L. Sanvicente-Añorve: tel: +52 5 6225783; fax: +52 5 6225790; e-mail: lesa{at}servidor.unam.mx and sanvi{at}mar.icmyl.unam.mx

Sanvicente-Añorve, L., Alatorre, M. A., Flores-Coto, C., and Alba, C. 2007. Relationships between fish larvae and siphonophores in the water column: effect of wind-induced turbulence and thermocline depth – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64.

The relationship between the abundance of fish larvae and siphonophores in relation to wind-induced turbulence and thickness of the mixed layer in the southern Gulf of Mexico were studied during two periods of different wind conditions: April (5.25 m s–1) and October (6.5 m s–1). The Spearman correlation between fish larvae and siphonophores revealed a random relationship in the 0–10 m layer during April and in the 0–20 m layer in October. This structure presumably persists while turbulent forces remain at sufficient strength. Positive patterns were observed deeper in the water column. Whereas thermocline position did not correspond with the depth separating random and positive relationships, low turbulence values did. Observations indicate that turbulent kinetic energy values above 4 x 10–4 J kg–1 might promote a random distribution between potential prey and predator zooplankton taxa. In surface waters, contact rates between siphonophores and fish larvae showed that turbulence enhances encounters 2.5 (1.2) times in April and 3.3 (1.3) times in October for prey velocities of 0.003 (0.011) m s–1. The positive relationship between fish larvae and siphonophores could be caused by a high degree of spatial overlap, enough food for both groups, and limited predation on larvae in the presence of alternative prey. Seasonal variability in the vertical structure of distribution patterns was attributed mainly to aggregative feeding behaviour of organisms and disruption of patches as a consequence of small-scale water turbulence.

Keywords: contact rates, Kolmogorov microscales, linear wave theory, mixed layer, predation, turbulent kinetic energy, vertical distribution, wind force

Received 13 January 2006; accepted 11 March 2007.


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