The development and evaluation of a three-dimensional, echo-integration method for estimating fish-school abundance

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp053

ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2009 66(6):1037-1042; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp053

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This article appears in the following ICES Journal of Marine Science issue: The Ecosystem Approach with Fisheries Acoustics and Complementary Technologies [View the issue table of contents]

The development and evaluation of a three-dimensional, echo-integration method for estimating fish-school abundance

Yasushi Nishimori¹, Kohji Iida², Masahiko Furusawa³, Yong Tang⁴, Kozo Tokuyama¹, Sanae Nagai¹ and Yoshihiro Nishiyama¹

¹ Furuno Electric Co., Ltd, 9-52 Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya 662-8580, Japan
² Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minatomachi, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
³ Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Kounan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8477, Japan
⁴ Dalian Fisheries University, 52 Heishijiao-jie Shahekou Dalian 116023, China

Correspondence to Y. Nishimori: tel: +81 798631174; fax: +81 798646302; e-mail: yasushi.nishimori{at}furuno.co.jp

Nishimori, Y., Iida, K., Furusawa, M., Tang, Y., Tokuyama, K.,Nagai, S., and Nishiyama, Y. 2009. The development and evaluationof a three-dimensional, echo-integration method for estimatingfish-school abundance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science,66: 1037–1042.

A three-dimensional, echo-integrationmethod (3DEI) which uses scanning-sonar observations of a fishschool to estimate its backscattering cross section ( ${sigma}$ _bss = N ${sigma}$ _bs)was developed. Coupled with a modelled estimate of the averagebackscattering cross section of individual fish ( ${sigma}$ _bs), the 3DEItheoretically allows estimation of the number of fish in a school(N). To test the practicality of the method, measurements weremade of a metal sphere simulating fish, and several spheressimulating a fish school. The 3DEI correctly measured the ${sigma}$ _bssof each target. Next, the 3DEI was applied to echo data froma herring school in the Norwegian Sea, to estimate its ${sigma}$ _bss.Several values of ${sigma}$ _bs were estimated with a prolate-spheroidmodel, each assuming different distributions of fish orientationsrelative to the sonar beam. Dividing the 3DEI-estimated ${sigma}$ _bssby these modelled ${sigma}$ _bs shows that the resulting estimates of Nwere closer to the skipper's estimate than those estimated usingthe apparent school volume. The 3DEI measurements of ${sigma}$ _bss, modelled ${sigma}$ _bs, and resulting accuracy of N depend largely on the assumedorientations of the fish relative to the acoustic beam.

Keywords: 3DEI, echo integration, multibeam, scanning sonar, target strength, three-dimensional

Received 7 August 2008; accepted 30 December 2008; advance access publication 28 March 2009.

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