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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on August 14, 2008
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2008 65(9):1626-1634; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn129
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© 2008 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved.For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Survival and behaviour of migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts in river, estuarine, and coastal habitat

P. Bradford Hubley1, Peter G. Amiro1, A. Jamie F. Gibson1, Gilles L. Lacroix2 and Anna M. Redden3

1 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch, Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2
2 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch, St Andrews Biological Station, 531 Brandy Cove Road, St Andrews, NB, Canada E5B 2L9
3 Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research, Acadia University, 23 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6

Correspondence to P. B. Hubley: tel: +1 902 4269729; fax: +1 902 4261506; e-mail: hubleyb{at}mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca.

Hubley, P. B., Amiro, P. G., Gibson, A. J. F., Lacroix, G. L., and Redden, A. M. 2008. Survival and behaviour of migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts in river, estuarine, and coastal habitat. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1626–1634.

The downstream migration of 30 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kelts tagged with acoustic transmitters was monitored using 26 underwater receivers at eight locations from April to October 2006 in the LaHave River and Estuary. In all, 27 tags were detected as they left the coastal environment by the middle of May, 5 weeks after release, indicating a possible 90% kelt survival to coastal departure. Two missing tags and one dropped tag were assumed to be attributable to natural mortality in the estuary. Migration time from release to the outermost coastal receivers 24 km below the tide limit took an average of 14 d, but varied from 3 to 32 d. Some 40% of the kelts lingered and were active in the lower estuary. Five kelts monitored with depth transmitters migrated mostly at the surface in all habitats, with occasional brief descent to the bottom. A consecutive spawning salmon returned after 79 d outside the outermost array. The low rate of returns is consistent with the historical repeat spawning schedule for this river, and more precisely documents the temporal and spatial habitat use of migrating kelts.

Keywords: acoustic telemetry, Atlantic salmon, downstream migration, estuary, kelts, Salmo salar

Received 10 January 2008; accepted 29 June 2008; advance access publication 14 August 2008.


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