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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on February 6, 2007
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2007 64(3):503-511; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsl047
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Crown Copyright © 2007. Published by Oxford Journals on behalf of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved

Integrated fisheries assessment and possible causes for the collapse of anchovy kilka in the Caspian Sea

Georgi M. Daskalov1, and Elchin V. Mamedov2

1 Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
2 Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences Azerbaijan, passage 1128, Quarter 504, Baku 370073, Azerbaijan

Correspondence to G. M. Daskalov: tel: +44 1502 524584; fax: +44 1502 524511; e-mail: georgi.daskalov{at}cefas.co.uk

Daskalov, G. M., and Mamedov, E. V. 2007. Integrated fisheries assessment and possible causes for the collapse of anchovy kilka in the Caspian Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 503–511.

Anchovy kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) is the most abundant species of fish in the Caspian Sea. An integrated catch-at-age analysis based on commercial catch data and relative abundance indices from research surveys over the period 1991–2004 indicated two main periods. First, a period of high catches, from 1991 to 2000, sustained by relatively good recruitment and high spawning-stock biomass. At the end of this period, catches peaked at up to 271 400 t, fishing mortality reached 1.8 y–1 in 1999, and overfishing seems to have taken place. Over the next period, 2001–2004, the stock virtually collapsed, recruitment failing in 2001 and remaining very low thereafter. In 2005, total catches dropped to a historical minimum of 54 300 t. The most likely primary cause of the stock collapse is the invasion and spread of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea. The dramatic recruitment failure from 2001 to 2004 is primarily attributed to competition/predation by this ctenophore, although other factors, including overfishing, likely contributed.

Keywords: age-structured stock assessment, anchovy kilka, Caspian Sea, ecosystem effects, fish stock collapse, invasive species, Mnemiopsis leidyi, overfishing

Received 26 April 2006; accepted 22 December 2006; advance access publication 6 February 2007.


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