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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2005 62(7):1216-1223; doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.03.011
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© 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

On the phenology of North Sea ichthyoplankton

Wulf Grevea,*, Sabine Prinageb, Heike Zidowitzb, Jutta Nastc and Frank Reinersc

a German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (FIS) and Federal Agency for Shipping and Hydrography of Germany (BSH) Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
b German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (FIS) Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
c Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

*Correspondence to W. Greve: tel: +49 40 89981870; fax: +49 40 89981871. e-mail: wgreve{at}meeresforschung.de.

The timing of fish larvae abundance was investigated at Helgoland Roads in the southern North Sea for the years 1990, 1993–1996, 1998, and 1999. From the 44 species identified, 27 were sufficiently abundant in more than 3 years and had well defined seasonal changes to calculate their phenology. The passage of the 15%, 50%, and 85% annual cumulative abundance thresholds was used to define the "start of season", "middle of season", and "end of season", respectively. The timing of a significant number of these events was correlated with the mean annual winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in weeks 1–10 with higher temperatures leading to earlier appearance. The timing of the end of season was also negatively correlated with the SSTs. Sole (Solea solea) is presented as an example of the general functional relationship.

Keywords: climatic forcing, fish larvae, North Sea, phenology, seasonality, sole, temperature, time-series

Received 13 August 2004; accepted 1 March 2005.


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