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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access published online on October 29, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp242
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Measurements of acoustic scattering from zooplankton and oceanic microstructure using a broadband echosounder

Andone C. Lavery1, Dezhang Chu1,2 and James N. Moum3

1 Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1053, USA
2 NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
3 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Admin Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA

Correspondence to A. C. Lavery: tel: +1 508 289 2345; fax: +1 508 457 2194; e-mail: alavery{at}whoi.edu.

Lavery, A. C., Chu, D., and Moum, J. N. 2010. Measurements of acoustic scattering from zooplankton and oceanic microstructure using a broadband echosounder. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 000–000.

In principle, measurements of high-frequency acoustic scattering from oceanic microstructure and zooplankton across a broad range of frequencies can reduce the ambiguities typically associated with the interpretation of acoustic scattering at a single frequency or a limited number of discrete narrowband frequencies. With this motivation, a high-frequency broadband scattering system has been developed for investigating zooplankton and microstructure, involving custom modifications of a commercially available system, with almost complete acoustic coverage spanning the frequency range 150–600 kHz. This frequency range spans the Rayleigh-to-geometric scattering transition for some zooplankton, as well as the diffusive roll-off in the spectrum for scattering from turbulent temperature microstructure. The system has been used to measure scattering from zooplankton and microstructure in regions of non-linear internal waves. The broadband capabilities of the system provide a continuous frequency response of the scattering over a wide frequency band, and improved range resolution and signal-to-noise ratios through pulse-compression signal-processing techniques. System specifications and calibration procedures are outlined and the system performance is assessed. The results point to the utility of high-frequency broadband scattering techniques in the detection, classification, and under certain circumstances, quantification of zooplankton and microstructure.

Keywords: broadband acoustic scattering, internal waves, oceanic microstructure, zooplankton

Received 18 February 2009; accepted 9 September 2009.


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