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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access published online on September 16, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp225
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© 2009 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries

Elizabeth N. Brooks1, Joseph E. Powers2 and Enric Cortés3

1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, USA. Present address: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
2 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, 2147 Energy, Coast and Environment and Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, USA

Correspondence to E. N. Brooks: tel: +1 508 495 2238; fax: +1 508 495 2393; e-mail: liz.brooks{at}noaa.gov.

Brooks, E. N., Powers, J. E., and Cortés, E. 2010. Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 000–000.

Analytical solutions for biological reference points are derived in terms of maximum lifetime reproductive rate. This rate can be calculated directly from biological parameters of maturity, fecundity, and natural mortality or a distribution for this rate can be derived from appropriate metadata. Minimal data needs and assumptions for determining stock status are discussed. The derivations lead to a re-parameterization of the common stock–recruit relationships, Beverton–Holt and Ricker, in terms of spawning potential ratio. Often, parameters in stock–recruit relationships are restricted by tight prior distributions or are fixed based on a hypothesized level of stock resilience. Fixing those parameters is equivalent to specifying the biological reference points. An ability to directly calculate reference points from biological data, or a meta-analysis, without need of a full assessment model or fisheries data, makes the method an attractive option for data-poor fisheries. The derivations reveal an explicit link between the biological characteristics of a species and appropriate management. Predicted stock status for a suite of shark species was compared with recent stock assessment results, and the method successfully identified whether each stock was overfished.

Keywords: biological reference points, depletion, life history, maximum lifetime reproduction, SPR, steepness

Received 6 February 2009; accepted 31 July 2009.


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