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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2009 66(7):1528-1537; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp047
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© 2009 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

This article appears in the following ICES Journal of Marine Science issue: Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans [View the issue table of contents]

Global change and eutrophication of coastal waters

Nancy N. Rabalais1, R. Eugene Turner2, Robert J. Díaz3 and Dubravko Justic2

1 Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA
2 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23178, USA

Correspondence to N. N. Rabalais: tel: +1 985 851 2801; fax: +1 985 851 2874; e-mail: nrabalais{at}lumcon.edu

Rabalais, N. N., Turner, R. E., Díaz, R. J., and Justic, D. 2009. Global change and eutrophication of coastal waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1528–1537.

The cumulative effects of global change, including climate change, increased population, and more intense industrialization and agribusiness, will likely continue and intensify the course of eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters. As a result, the symptoms of eutrophication, such as noxious and harmful algal blooms, reduced water quality, loss of habitat and natural resources, and severity of hypoxia (oxygen depletion) and its extent in estuaries and coastal waters will increase. Global climate changes will likely result in higher water temperatures, stronger stratification, and increased inflows of freshwater and nutrients to coastal waters in many areas of the globe. Both past experience and model forecasts suggest that these changes will result in enhanced primary production, higher phytoplankton and macroalgal standing stocks, and more frequent or severe hypoxia. The negative consequences of increased nutrient loading and stratification may be partly, but only temporarily, compensated by stronger or more frequent tropical storm activity in low and mid-latitudes. In anticipation of the negative effects of global change, nutrient loadings to coastal waters need to be reduced now, so that further water quality degradation is prevented.

Keywords: climate change, coastal, estuaries, eutrophication, Gulf of Mexico, hypoxia, nutrients, stratification, tropical storms

Received 15 August 2008; accepted 6 February 2009; advance access publication 28 March 2009.


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