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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on May 8, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2009 66(6):974-980; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp127
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© United States Government, NOAA/NMFS/AFSC 2009

This article appears in the following ICES Journal of Marine Science issue: The Ecosystem Approach with Fisheries Acoustics and Complementary Technologies [View the issue table of contents]

High-frequency acoustics and bio-optics in ecosystems research

D. V. Holliday1, P. L. Donaghay3, C. F. Greenlaw2, J. M. Napp4 and J. M. Sullivan3

1 School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, 5034 Roscrea Avenue, San Diego, USA
2 302 Tailwind Drive, Seguin, TX 78155, USA
3 Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
4 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA

Correspondence to D. V. Holliday: tel: +1 858 2795369; e-mail: vholliday{at}umassd.edu.

Holliday, D. V., Donaghay, P. L., Greenlaw, C. F., Napp, J. M., and Sullivan, J. M. 2009. High-frequency acoustics and bio-optics in ecosystems research. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 974–980.

The propagation of light and sound in the ocean’s interior is modified by the presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, gas bubbles, and dissolved and suspended material. Information is encoded in the levels and spectral characteristics of acoustic and optical scattering and absorption. Using acoustics and optics allows us to study the distribution of marine life and learn about ecosystem-relevant processes. Two studies are highlighted. In the first, multifrequency, upward-looking echosounders deployed near autonomous, bio-optical profilers were used to track vertical migration and the formation and size structure of <1 m thick, zooplankton layers in relation to the biomass and size structure of thin phytoplankton layers. In the second, a multifrequency sonar was used to track the temporal (seasonal) evolution of zooplankton biomass and size structure in the Bering Sea at intervals of 20 min. This paper focuses on how advanced technologies are being used to observe processes, distributions, and behaviour of marine life that have, until now, been hidden, as it were, from biological oceanographers.

Keywords: acoustic oceanography, ecosystem monitoring, ocean optics, plankton, thin layers, zooplankton acoustics

Received 5 August 2008; accepted 31 January 2009; advance access publication 8 May 2009.


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