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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on May 8, 2009
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2009 66(6):1264-1269; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp128
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© 2009 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

This article appears in the following ICES Journal of Marine Science issue: The Ecosystem Approach with Fisheries Acoustics and Complementary Technologies [View the issue table of contents]

Measuring herring densities with one real and several phantom research vessels

Ruben Patel and Egil Ona

Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO 5817 Bergen, Norway

Correspondence to R. Patel: tel: +47 55 23 86 18; fax: +47 55 23 68 30; e-mail: ruben.patel{at}imr.no.

Patel, R., and Ona, E. 2009. Measuring herring densities with one real and several phantom research vessels. – ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1264–1269.

Vessel-induced avoidance can potentially cause a large bias in acoustic estimates of schooling, pelagic-fish biomass. This paper presents a method for quantifying this uncertainty. Volume-backscattering strength (Sv) from a horizontally projecting, multibeam sonar (Simrad MS70) is resampled to form synthetic, vertical, echosounder beams to the side of the survey vessel. These data are analysed as if they were collected from phantom vessels surveying parallel transects at fixed ranges from the real vessel. The nautical-area-backscattering coefficients (sA) from the synthetic echograms are compared with those measured by conventional 70 and 120 kHz echosounders (Simrad EK60) on the real vessel. Data collected in 2006 from schools of Norwegian spring-spawning herring are used to illustrate the method and explore its limitations. Potential effects of vessel-induced avoidance are evaluated by comparing the mean sA values observed from the phantom vessels with those observed from the real vessel. The technique also allows direct estimates of the mean lateral-aspect target strength of in situ herring.

Keywords: acoustics, echosounder, herring, Simrad EK60, Simrad MS70, three-dimensional sonar

Received 8 August 2008; accepted 12 March 2009; advance access publication 8 May 2009.


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