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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on September 30, 2008
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2009 66(2):349-357; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn156
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© 2008 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod

Olav A. Ormseth and Brenda L. Norcross

Institute of Marine Science, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA

Correspondence to O. A. Ormseth: Present address: Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. tel: +1 206 526 4242; fax: +1 206 526 6723; e-mail: olav.ormseth{at}noaa.gov

Ormseth, O. A., and Norcross, B. L. 2009. Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 349–357.

Life-history strategies of four Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) stocks in the eastern North Pacific Ocean are outlined. Southern stocks grew and matured quicker, but reached smaller maximum size and had shorter lifespans than northern stocks. The trade-offs resulted in similar lifetime reproductive success among all stocks. Growth was highly dependent on latitude, but not on temperature, possibly because of differences in the duration of the growing season. Comparisons with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) revealed similar latitude/growth relationships among Atlantic cod stocks grouped by geographic region. In Pacific cod, greater size and longevity in the north appeared to be adaptations to overcome environmental constraints on growth and to maintain fitness. An egg production-per-recruit model suggested that the life-history strategy of northern Pacific cod stocks made them less resilient to fishing activity and age truncation than southern stocks.

Keywords: fishing, fitness, Gadus macrocephalus, Gadus morhua, latitude, life history, lifetime reproductive success, Pacific

Received 1 September 2007; accepted 1 September 2008; advance access publication 30 September 2008.


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