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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on June 2, 2008
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2008 65(6):953-962; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn085
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© 2008 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Spatial shifts in spawning habitats of Arcto-Norwegian cod related to multidecadal climate oscillations and climate change

Svein Sundby1,2 and Odd Nakken1

1 Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
2 Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway

Correspondence to S. Sundby: tel: +47 55238468; fax: +47 55238687; e-mail: svein.sundby{at}imr.no

Sundby, S., and Nakken, O. 2008. Spatial shifts in spawning habitats of Arcto-Norwegian cod related to multidecadal climate oscillations and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 953–962.

Arcto-Norwegian cod tend to produce strong year classes in warm years and poor year classes in cold years. This work shows that spawning intensity at various spawning sites along 1500 km of Norwegian coast is also influenced by climate variations. However, while the recruitment response to temperature is immediate and on an interannual time-scale, the response to changes in spawning site is slower, on a multidecadal time-scale. There have been two cold and two warm periods during the 20th century, cold from 1900 to 1920, warm from 1930 to 1950, cold from 1960 to 1970, and warm since the mid-1980s. A time-series for 1900–1976 on cod roe indices along the coast shows that the southernmost spawning areas are more important during cold periods, and the northernmost ones in warm periods, and coincide with high population fecundity. After 1976, qualitative observations show that there have been poor spawning fisheries in the southernmost spawning areas during the present warm period. From 2003, spawning has been observed along the coast of East Finnmark where it did not transpire during the previous 40 years.

Keywords: Arcto-Norwegian cod, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, climate effects, spawning areas

Received 3 January 2008; accepted 24 March 2008; advance access publication 2 June 2008.


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