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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Advance Access originally published online on February 25, 2008
ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2008 65(3):379-398; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsm193
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© 2008 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

This article appears in the following ICES Journal of Marine Science issue: 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium: Human and Climate Forcing of Zooplankton Populations [View the issue table of contents]

A modelling study of developmental stage and environmental variability effects on copepod foraging

Jerry D. Wiggert1, Eileen E. Hofmann1 and Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer2

1 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, 4111 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
2 Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, GA 31411, USA

Correspondence to J. D. Wiggert: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 1020 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA tel: +1 228 6883491; fax: +1 228 6881121; e-mail: jerry.wiggert{at}usm.edu.

Wiggert, J. D., Hofmann, E. E., and Paffenhöfer, G-A. 2008. A modelling study of developmental stage and environmental variability effects on copepod foraging. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 379–398.

We used a stochastic Lagrangian model to study how behaviour contributes to copepod grazing success. The model simulates distinct foraging behaviours of Clausocalanus furcatus, Paracalanus aculeatus, and Oithona plumifera. Three sets of simulations were performed to investigate the effects of (a) prey-size preference; (b) variation in prey-size spectra; and (c) turbulence intensity on these species’ grazing rates. The size preference simulations demonstrate that, compared with copepodites, mature females have cell ingestion rates that are an order of magnitude lower, while carbon uptake is reduced by 35%. A prey spectrum that is skewed towards cells <6 µm promotes copepodite success because the basal metabolic needs of the adult females require a prey concentration of 850–1000 cells ml–1. Variations in turbulence intensity reveal distinct ecological niches, with stronger mixing favouring O. plumifera and stable conditions favouring C. furcatus. Differences in theoretically derived and simulated prey-encounter rates demonstrate that the hopping behaviour of O. plumifera provides an order of magnitude increase in prey encounter, whereas the feeding behaviour of C. furcatus can result in localized depletion of prey. These simulations highlight the importance of species-specific feeding behaviour in defining oceanic copepod distributions.

Keywords: copepod foraging, ecological niche, emergent behaviour, Lagrangian model, turbulence

Received 14 July 2007; accepted 7 November 2007; advance access publication 25 February 2008.


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