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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2006 63(2):311-319; doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.11.008
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© 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

Food ingestion in juvenile cod estimated by inert lanthanide markers – effects of food particle size

Oddvard Garatun-Tjeldstøa,*, Håkon Otteråb, Kåre Julshamnc and Erland Austrengd,{maltese cross}

a Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen Thormøhlensgt. 55, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
b Institute of Marine Research PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
c National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research PO Box 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
d Institute of Aquaculture Research (AKVAFORSK) PO Box 5010, N-1432 Ås, Norway

*Correspondence to O. Garatun-Tjeldstø: tel: +47 5558 4379; fax: +47 5558 9683. e-mail: oddvard.garatun-tjeldsto{at}mbi.uib.no.

Development of formulated starter diets and improvement of diets for juvenile marine fish species are major challenges in aquaculture. The ingestion rate may be regarded as a parameter for evaluating whether a diet particle is available, recognized, of adequate size, palatable, and preferred by small fish. In this study, we evaluated the effect of food particle size (150–3425 µm) on ingestion rate in juvenile cod (36–826 mg wet weight). Lanthanide oxides were used as markers. Several mixtures of lanthanide marker-labelled diets were produced by combination of the mono-labelled size classes. Each combination was fed for one, four, or seven days to groups of juvenile cod in separate tanks. After termination by anaesthetic, the fish were collected, individually weighed, and frozen until analysis. The amount of lanthanides in the homogenized fish was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). There were no significant differences in ingestion of any of the markers when given in a mixture of mono-labelled particles. Thus, the markers Y2O3, La2O3, Nd2O3, Dy2O3, and Yb2O3 may be used as inert tools for evaluating diet ingestion. The total intake of dry diet was about 13 mg g–1 body weight. The particle size that caused the highest food intake was less than 1.2 mm in all experiments.

Keywords: cod, diet preference, Gadus morhua, inert lanthanide marker, particle size

Received 13 June 2004; accepted 16 November 2005.

{maltese cross} Deceased 2003.


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