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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2006 63(2):198-208; doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.11.003
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© 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

Genetic impact of gadoid culture on wild fish populations: predictions, lessons from salmonids, and possibilities for minimizing adverse effects

Dorte Bekkevold*, Michael M. Hansen and Einar E. Nielsen

Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Department of Inland Fisheries Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark

*Correspondence to D. Bekkevold: tel: +45 89213100; fax: + 45 89213150. e-mail: db{at}difres.dk.

Little is known about the effects of ranched gadoids escaping into wild populations, and plans for substantial up-scaling of gadoid mariculture raise concerns about detrimental effects on local gene pools. Genetic studies from salmonid populations subjected to intentional or unintentional releases of hatchery-produced fish suggest that wild gene pools are affected by introgression, but that the genetic impact can be minor relative to expectations from the often substantial numbers of released hatchery fish. However, even if resilience to introgression is a general trend, wild population fitness is still predicted to be jeopardized by releases. In this paper, we review theoretical genetic effects of escapes of cultivated individuals and the empirical evidence for introgression effects, which are based mainly on salmonid studies. Based on knowledge of gadoid population structure and life history traits, we make predictions for effects of gadoid mariculture on wild populations and discuss approaches for monitoring and minimizing introgression effects.

Keywords: domestication, effective population size, gadoid mariculture, hatchery, introgression, local adaptation, salmonid

Received 24 September 2004; accepted 1 November 2005.


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