© 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Comparison of the biophysical and trophic characteristics of the Bering and Barents Seas
a Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
b National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
*Correspondence and present address to G. L. Hunt: School of Aquatic and fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA; tel: +1 949 824 6322; fax: +1 949 824 2181. e-mail: geohunt2{at}u.washington.edu.
The eastern Bering Sea and the Barents Sea share a number of common biophysical characteristics. For example, both are seasonally ice-covered, high-latitude, shelf seas, dependent on advection for heat and for replenishment of nutrients on their shelves, and with ecosystems dominated by a single species of gadoid fish. At the same time, they differ in important respects. In the Barents Sea, advection of Atlantic Water is important for zooplankton vital to the Barents Sea productivity. Advection of zooplankton is not as important for the ecosystems of the southeastern Bering Sea, where high levels of diatom production can support production of small, neritic zooplankton. In the Barents Sea, cod are the dominant gadoid, and juvenile and older fish depend on capelin and other forage fish to repackage the energy available in copepods. In contrast, the dominant fish in the eastern Bering Sea is the walleye pollock, juveniles and adults of which consume zooplankton directly. The southeastern Bering Sea supports considerably larger fish stocks than the Barents. In part, this may reflect the greater depth of much of the Barents Sea compared with the shallow shelf of the southeastern Bering. However, walleye pollock is estimated to occupy a trophic level of 3.3 as compared to 4.3 for Barents Sea cod. This difference alone could have a major impact on the abilities of these seas to support a large biomass of gadoids. In both seas, climate-forced variability in advection and sea-ice cover can potentially have major effects on the productivity of these Subarctic seas. In the Bering Sea, the size and location of pools of cold bottom waters on the shelf may influence the likelihood of predation of juvenile pollock.
Keywords: Barents Sea, Bering Sea, capelin, cod, ecosystem productivity, herring, walleye pollock
Received 5 November 2004; accepted 10 April 2005.