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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 2004 61(2):243-251; doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.11.006
© 2004 by ICES/CIEM International Council for the Exploration of the Sea/Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer
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Temperature-dependent fractionation of stable oxygen isotopes in otoliths of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Hans Høiea,*, Erling Otterleib and Arild Folkvorda

a University of Bergen, Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
b SagaFjord Sea Farm AS Stordbase, PO Box 600, N-5403 Stord, Norway

*Correspondence to H. Høie: tel: +47 55584604; fax: + 47 55584450. e-mail: Hans.Hoie{at}ifm.uib.no.

Analysis of stable oxygen isotopes in otoliths is a promising technique for estimating the ambient temperature experienced by fish, but consistent equations relating temperature and fractionation of stable oxygen isotopes in otoliths among different fish species are lacking. Juvenile cod were reared at constant temperatures from 6 to 20°C and the sagittal otoliths were analysed for oxygen isotope values. We determined that temperature-dependent fractionation of oxygen isotopes in the otoliths was close to that reported for inorganic aragonite at low temperatures, but there were deviations from oxygen isotope fractionation equations for otoliths of other species. The linear relationship between oxygen isotope value in the cod otoliths and temperature was determined to be: 1000 Ln {alpha} = 16.75(103 TK–1) – 27.09. Temperature estimates with 1°C precision at the 95% probability level require a sample size of ≥5 otoliths. Only an insignificant amount of the variance in the data was due to variance between left and right otolith, and due to repeated measurements of otolith subsamples. This study confirms that stable isotope values of cod otoliths can give precise and accurate estimates of the ambient temperature experienced by fish.

Keywords: cod, otolith, oxygen isotopes, precision, temperature

Received 16 June 2003; accepted 27 November 2003.


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