© 2000 by ICES/CIEM International Council for the Exploration of the Sea/Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer
Addressing ecosystem effects of fishing using marine protected areas
Chr. Michelsen Institute Bergen, Norway, and Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1T4 [tel: +1 604 822 2731; fax: +1 604 822 8934; e-mail: sumaila{at}fisheries.com]
Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
Institute for Resources and Environment, University of British Columbia 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
This article is a synthesis of the current literature on the potential of marine protected areas (MPAs) a useful management tool for limiting the ecosystem effects of fishing, including biological and socio-economic aspects. There is sufficient evidence that fishing may negatively affect ecosystems. Modelling and case studies show that the establishment of MPAs, especially for overexploited populations, can mitigate ecosystem effects of fishing. Although quantitative ecosystem modelling techniques incorporating MPAs are in their infancy, their role in exploring scenarios is considered crucial. Success in implementing MPAs will depend on how well the biological concerns and the socio-economic needs of the fishing community can be reconciled.
Cet article fait la synthèse de la littérature sur la possibilité d'utiliser les zones marines protégées (MPAs) comme outils de gestion afin de limiter les effets de la pêche sur les écosystèmes, en incluant les aspects biologiques et socio-économiques. La littérature fournit suffisamment d'évidences à l'effet que la pêche peut avoir un effet négatif. Les MPAs établies dans divers habitats à travers le monde ainsi que les modélisations montrent que MPAs offrent une certaine protection contre ces effets négatifs. Les techniques quantitatives de modélisation des écosystèmes, bien que cruciales pour l'exploration de scénarios de gestion, n'en sont encore qu'à leurs débuts et mériteraient encore plus d'attention. Finalement, le succès des MPAs dépendra de la manière dont on réussira à allier les aspects biologiques et les intérêts socio-économiques.
Keywords: ecosystem effects of fishing, marine reserves, marine protected areas, community involvement, socio-economic
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