© 2000 by ICES/CIEM International Council for the Exploration of the Sea/Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer
Economic instruments for achieving ecosystem objectives in fisheries management
Department of Economics, University of Iceland IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [tel: +354 525 4539; fax: +354 552 6806; e-mail: ragnara{at}hi.is]
An aggregative model of fisheries is developed in the context of the ecosystem. Rules for optimal harvesting are derived and their content is examined. An important result with obvious practical implications is that it may be optimal to pursue unprofitable fisheries in order to enhance the overall economic contribution from the ecosystem. Another interesting result is that modifications of single-species harvesting rules may be required even when there are no biological interactions between the species. The possibility of multiple equilibria and complicated dynamics and their implications for sustainability are briefly discussed. Equations for the valuation of ecosystem services are derived. Only two classes of economic instruments capable of optimal management of ecosystem fisheries have been identified so far, namely (a) corrective taxes and subsidies (Pigovian taxes) and (b) appropriately defined property rights. Of these, Pigovian taxes are informationally demanding perhaps to the point of not being feasible. In contrast, property-rights-based regimes are informationally much more efficient and therefore appear to constitute a more promising overall approach to the management of ecosystem fisheries. The employment of the latter for the management of ecosystem fisheries is discussed and some of the implications are explored.
Keywords: ecosystem fisheries, ecosystem fisheries management, fisheries management, individual transferable quotas, multispecies fisheries, multispecies fisheries management
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