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ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 1996 53(1):107-114; doi:10.1006/jmsc.1996.0010
© 1996 by ICES/CIEM International Council for the Exploration of the Sea/Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer
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Predation rates by North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) – predictions from models on gastric evacuation and bioenergetics

S. Hansson, L. G. Rudstam, J. F. Kitchell, P. E. Peppard, M. Hildén and B. L. Johnson

Department of Systems Ecology and Center for Marine Research, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
Cornell University Biological Field Station, Department of Natural Resources 900 Shackelton Point Road, Bridgeport, NY 13030–9750, U.S.A
Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
National Board of Waters and the Environment PO Box 250, SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland
National Biological Service, Upper Mississippi Science Center 2630 Fanta Reed Road, Post Office Box 818, LaCross, WI 54601-0818, U.S.A

We compared four different methods for estimating predation rates by North Sea cod (Gadus morhua). Three estimates, based on gastric evacuation rates, came from an ICES multispecies working group and the fourth from a bioenergetics model. The bioenergetics model was developed from a review of literature on cod physiology. The three gastric evacuation rate models produced very different prey consumption estimates for small (<0.5 kg) and large (>2 kg) fish. For most size and age classes, the bioenergetics model predicted food consumption rates intermediate to those predicted by the gastric evacuation models.

Using the standard ICES model and the average population abundance and age structure for 1974–1989, annual prey consumption by the North Sea cod population (age ≥1) was 840 kilotons. The other two evacuation rate models produced estimates of 1020 and 1640 kilotons, respectively. The bioenergetics model estimate was 1420 kilotons. The major differences between models were due to consumption rate estimates for younger age groups of cod.

Keywords: cod, Gadus morhua, North Sea, food consumption, predation, bioenergetics

Received 13 January 1995; accepted 17 May 1995.


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